Reside information: BBC hires Deloitte to assessment inner procedures after Huw Edwards scandal

Tata Motors is poised to announce plans to construct a flagship battery manufacturing unit within the UK to provide Jaguar Land Rover’s electrical automobiles, in response to individuals briefed on the corporate’s plans.

The Indian conglomerate has chosen a website in Somerset for the huge gigafactory over a rival location in Spain, in response to a number of sources briefed on the choice, and will reveal its selection this week.

Rishi Sunak, prime minister, held secret one-to-one talks in Could with Natarajan Chandrasekaran, chair of the guardian firm Tata Sons, in an try to kick-start Britain’s efforts to affix the worldwide race for electrical automotive manufacturing.

Downing Avenue declined to remark.

The BBC has introduced in a senior Deloitte companion specialising in forensic investigations to assist oversee a assessment into the interior procedures that did not escalate complaints in opposition to information reader Huw Edwards.

The BBC, which has began a number of investigations into the Edwards scandal, can also be scrutinising the way in which wherein it dealt with the allegations surrounding Edwards, and why the case was not escalated extra shortly to the board given the unique grievance was two months outdated.

Appearing chairperson Dame Elan Closs Stephens advised the committee that this assessment can be overseen by BBC board member Nick Serota and Deloitte’s Simon Cuerden alongside its chief working officer Leigh Tavaziva, who heads the fraud, information and disputes workforce in its forensic enterprise. 

Warner Music Group has brokered a brand new cope with TikTok to license its music to the social media platform after months of negotiation to obtain higher compensation for songs used on the viral video app.

The settlement will create new income for WMG, its artists and songwriters, though particulars of the monetary preparations weren’t given.

It comes after an prolonged interval of negotiation between TikTok and main file labels, who’ve been demanding improved phrases from the Chinese language-owned platform, together with a share of promoting income and a rise in royalties they obtain.

Future monetisation alternatives for artists on TikTok, via issues like merchandise, ticketing and digital items and providers, have been additionally referenced in an announcement from Warner.

Donald Trump has mentioned he obtained a letter from the US Division of Justice saying he’s the goal of an investigation into his efforts to overturn the outcomes of the 2020 presidential election, elevating the likelihood that the previous president might face contemporary federal prices within the coming days.

In what Trump described as “horrifying information for our nation” on Tuesday morning, the previous US president mentioned he obtained a letter on Sunday from particular counsel Jack Smith stating that he was the “goal” of an investigation and had “a really brief 4 days” to report back to the grand jury.

Trump added that this “virtually all the time means an arrest and indictment”.

The DoJ declined to remark.

Extra reporting by Stefania Palma in Washington.

A US soldier is being held in North Korea after crossing the inter-Korean border into northern territory, in response to a US official with data of the matter.

The soldier had been on a tour of the Joint Safety Space, the one portion of the demilitarised zone dividing North and South Korea the place troopers stand face-to-face, within the village of Panmunjom, the official added.

The United Nations Command, the multinational resident pressure in South Korea, mentioned earlier {that a} US citizen crossed the demarcation line into North Korea “with out authorisation”.

“We imagine he’s at present in [Democratic People’s Republic of Korea] custody and are working with our Korean Folks’s Military counterparts to resolve this incident,” it mentioned.

US retail gross sales rose by lower than anticipated in June, however the third straight month of development added to proof that home consumption stays regardless of stress from excessive rates of interest and inflation.

Gross sales rose 0.2 per cent in June, in response to information launched by the Census Bureau on Tuesday, lacking economists’ expectations of an 0.5 per cent rise. Could’s improve was revised increased, although, to 0.5 per cent.

Spending on big-ticket gadgets resembling furnishings and electronics elevated in June, however shoppers spent much less on groceries, constructing supplies, and at petrol stations.

The retail management group, which excludes constructing supplies, motorcar elements and petrol station gross sales, was up 0.6 per cent, surpassing economists’ expectations of a rise of 0.3 per cent.

Charles Schwab reported income plunged 28 per cent within the second quarter from a yr in the past, nevertheless it nonetheless beat analysts’ expectations as deposit outflows have been smaller than feared.

The Texas based mostly dealer and financial institution reported internet revenue of $1.3bn within the three months ended June 30, surpassing analysts’ expectations for $1.2bn. Income declined 9 per cent from a yr in the past to $4.7bn, however nonetheless beat analysts’ expectations.

Deposits fell 7 per cent from the earlier quarter to $304bn, and internet curiosity revenue, the hole between what Schwab makes from lending and investing and what it pays to depositors, dropped 10 per cent yr on yr to $2.3bn.

The figures come after Schwab endured a rocky spring because it was caught up within the nervousness round regional lenders after the collapse of Silicon Valley Financial institution in March. 

US defence contractor Lockheed Martin elevated its full-year outlook as demand for weapons such because the F-35 fighter jet accelerates amid the conflict in Ukraine and heightened tensions over Taiwan.

Lockheed now expects earnings of $27 to $27.20 a share on income of $66.25bn to $66.75bn this yr, up from prior steering of $26.60 to $26.90 a share on income of $65bn to $66bn.

Income and earnings within the second quarter rose from a yr earlier, helped by a 17 per cent enhance in gross sales in its aeronautics phase, which homes the F-35. The group’s order backlog hit a file $158bn.

“Ukraine has taught us the true worth of deterrence,” chief working officer Frank St. John mentioned, underpinning a perception that “we’re going to see the demand [for weapons] for some time frame”.

Morgan Stanley’s internet revenue fell 13 per cent through the second quarter, as chief govt James Gorman’s enlargement in wealth administration did not offset declines in buying and selling and funding banking.

Within the three months ended June 30, Morgan Stanley reported internet revenue to shareholders of $2.2bn, down from $2.5bn a yr earlier and consistent with analysts’ estimates, in response to information compiled by Bloomberg.

“The agency delivered stable leads to a difficult market surroundings. The quarter began with macroeconomic uncertainties and subdued shopper exercise, however ended with a extra constructive tone,” Gorman mentioned in an announcement.

Financial institution of America reported a greater than anticipated revenue within the second quarter, buoyed by a powerful efficiency from its buying and selling enterprise.

The second-largest financial institution within the US on Tuesday reported that revenue elevated 19 per cent within the second quarter from a yr in the past to $7.4bn, or 88 cents a share, beating analyst expectations for earnings of 84 cents. Income was up 11 per cent to $25bn.

BofA’s markets enterprise recorded a ten per cent improve in adjusted income from gross sales and buying and selling. That bucked the pattern at rivals, which had double-digit drops in income from their markets enterprise within the quarter.

Web curiosity revenue, which is the distinction between what banks pay depositors and what they will earn from loans and investments, jumped 14 per cent to $14.2bn.

The terrorist menace to the UK is “unrelenting and evolving” and the
danger of an assault “is rising”, the house secretary has mentioned.

Suella Braverman on Tuesday printed the primary replace to Britain’s
counter-terrorism technique in 5 years, over which period there have been 9 assaults. An extra 39 plots have been disrupted at a late stage
since 2018.

The refreshed technique, referred to as Contest, marked three shifts within the
menace panorama. It’s now dominated by people or small teams
outdoors of main organised networks, which makes terrorist exercise much less
predictable and more durable to detect.

As well as, there’s a rising menace from Islamist terrorist teams
abroad, the report mentioned, whereas accelerating advances in expertise current new dangers.

Financial institution of New York Mellon beat analysts’ expectations for revenue and income within the second quarter on the again of robust however declining internet curiosity revenue, reinforcing considerations that lenders are beginning to must pay extra for deposits.

The US custody financial institution reported complete income elevated 5 per cent from a yr in the past to $4.5bn, beating analyst expectations for income of $4.4bn. Web curiosity revenue elevated 23 per cent from a yr in the past to $1.1bn, surpassing the $960mn consensus estimate of analysts polled by Refinitiv.

Nonetheless, BNY’s internet curiosity revenue, the hole between what it earned from lending and paid out on deposits, was down 2 per cent from the primary quarter. Rival State Avenue noticed its shares fall 12 per cent on Friday after reporting a a lot bigger 10 per cent drop.

European shares edged up on Tuesday as traders awaited the discharge of US retail gross sales information and earnings from huge banks in an effort to gauge the impression of rising rates of interest on the world’s largest economic system.

The cautious positive factors got here a day after weak development information from China triggered a sell-off in European equities as a result of fears that world demand would endure if China’s post-pandemic financial restoration ran out of steam.

Europe’s region-wide Stoxx 600 added 0.2 per cent, recouping losses from the earlier session, whereas France’s Cac 40 gained 0.2 per cent and Germany’s Dax was flat.

Learn extra on at the moment’s markets right here.

Huge banks: Income at Financial institution of America are anticipated to have jumped about 8 per cent yearly to $6.8bn in its second quarter, in response to analysts. In the meantime, Morgan Stanley’s internet revenue is forecast to have dropped about 15 per cent to $2bn because the offers drought weighs on outcomes at its funding banking enterprise. 

Different financials: Financial institution of New York Mellon’s revenue is predicted to have additionally jumped 15 per cent to $960mn. Brokerage Charles Schwab’s revenue is predicted to fallen 30 per cent. Buyers will likely be specializing in any indicators of shoppers pulling money from its platform.

Retail gross sales: US retail gross sales are anticipated to have elevated by half a proportion level in June on the earlier month, having risen 0.3 per cent in Could, as shoppers proceed to spend in opposition to a backdrop of cooling inflation.

Housing market: US residence builder confidence is predicted to be in optimistic territory for the second straight month, taking the Nationwide Affiliation of House Builders/Wells Fargo housing market index to 56 from 55, as provide constraints ease.

Rheinmetall has obtained two orders for fight and coaching ammunition from the German army value €1.3bn euro.

The corporate mentioned on Tuesday that it had signed a contract to ship “a number of hundred thousand projectiles in addition to fuses and propellant modules of various sorts” as a part of a 155mm artillery ammunition settlement that may run till 2029 and is value €1.2bn.

The Bundeswehr had additionally expanded an present contract for DM121 artillery shells from a worth of €109mn to €246mn.

Rheinmetall has been an enormous beneficiary of German chancellor Olaf Scholz’ €100bn particular army fund, as Europe’s largest economic system tries to refurbish its army within the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Mining firm ACG is “pausing” its fund-raising course of for a big battery metals deal, elevating questions over London’s urge for food for preliminary public choices only a month after WeSoda pulled its IPO.

ACG – which launched final yr as London’s first mining particular function acquisition car, or Spac – had agreed to amass two nickel and copper mines in Brazil for $1.1bn from personal fairness agency Appian Capital.

“ACG is discussing potential enhancements to the transaction construction,” the corporate mentioned, noting it intends to stay to the acquisition schedule.

The anchor traders embrace Glencore, Stellantis and funding fund La Mancha.

British company insolvencies rose by an annual price of 27 per cent in June as companies struggled with rising prices and a slowing economic system, in response to official figures printed on Tuesday.

The variety of registered firm insolvencies in England and Wales in June was 2,163, sharply up from 1,698 in the identical month final yr, information printed by the Insolvency Service confirmed.

The determine was increased than ranges seen whereas the federal government’s Covid-19 assist measures have been in place and in addition increased than pre-pandemic numbers.

David Kelly, head of insolvency at PwC, mentioned: “As rates of interest monitor increased, extra companies might turn into overwhelmed and, as such, we count on the variety of insolvencies to proceed to climb.”

A US nuclear-armed ballistic missile submarine has arrived in South Korea for the primary time for the reason that Eighties, a senior American official mentioned on Tuesday.

Kurt Campbell, the White Home Indo-Pacific coordinator, made the announcement in Seoul after co-chairing the inaugural assembly of a brand new bilateral nuclear consultative group designed to offer South Korea extra perception and enter into US conflict planning.

Washington has pledged to deploy nuclear succesful belongings on and across the Korean peninsula as a part of an settlement reached by US president Joe Biden and South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol in April.

Kim Yo Jong, a senior North Korean official and the sister of chief Kim Jong Un, accused the US on Monday of “doing silly acts that provoke us”.

Ukraine’s port cities of Odesa and Mykolayiv have been rattled by in a single day Russian air strikes performed hours after president Vladimir Putin pledged a “response” to Kyiv’s Monday assault on the Crimean bridge.

The Ukrainian air pressure mentioned that 31 of 36 kamikaze drones and all six cruise missiles fired by Russia have been intercepted. Officers reported injury to port infrastructure and civilian buildings.

Andriy Yermak, president Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s chief of workers, linked the strikes to Russia’s withdrawal on Monday from a UN-brokered deal that allowed Ukraine to export grain throughout the Black Sea. He mentioned that the assault was proof that Moscow “desires to hazard the lives of 400 million individuals in varied nations that rely on Ukrainian meals exports”.

Huge share worth strikes in Europe at the moment embrace UK-based on-line retailer Ocado, Swiss drugmaker Novartis, and Swedish telecoms firm Tele2:

• Ocado: Shares within the UK on-line retailer surged 13 per cent, main the Europe-wide Stoxx 600 index, after it mentioned its retail division was “making good progress, with a return to profitability” within the second quarter.

• Novartis: Shares within the Basel-based drug big added 3.6 per cent after it launched a $15bn share buyback programme on the again of robust gross sales, pushing it to lift its outlook for the yr.

• Tele2: Shares within the Swedish telecom retreated 10 per cent after it up to date its capital expenditure steering.

  

Darktrace’s impartial assessment, launched after brief sellers challenged its accounting practices in February, discovered areas that “may very well be improved” however weren’t “materials” to its monetary reporting, sending its shares 20 per cent increased.

The British cyber safety firm, which on Tuesday additionally reported income development of 30 per cent within the yr to June, was pressured to rebut claims earlier this yr that it created “fictitious shoppers” in an try to inflate gross sales figures.

EY “recognized a small variety of errors and inconsistencies”, however Darktrace’s board didn’t “take into account these to be materials to the monetary statements”.

Cathy Graham, Darktrace’s chief monetary officer, mentioned, “EY supplied some worthwhile suggestions for a way we might implement these deliberate enhancements as we transfer via this journey.”

UK grocery worth inflation eased for a fourth consecutive month in July, in response to information printed by Kantar forward of official inflation figures on Wednesday.

The analysis firm discovered that the annual tempo of grocery worth inflation eased to 14.9 per cent within the 4 weeks to July 9, down from 16.5 per cent within the earlier month and the steepest decline since its peak in March.

On the present stage of inflation, households would have spent £683 extra on their annual grocery invoice to purchase the identical gadgets as they did a yr beforehand, although switching to cheaper merchandise has diminished this to £330, in response to Kantar.

Florida-based funding agency GQG Companions has purchased a 6 per cent stake in Patanjali Meals, an Indian client items firm which markets itself as ayurvedic and is led by outstanding yogi turned businessman Baba Ramdev.

In a submitting to Indian inventory exchanges on Monday, GQG mentioned it had acquired 21.5mn shares of Patanjali Meals, equalling 5.96 per cent of complete shares.

GQG didn’t disclose how a lot it paid for the shares, however the clearing worth for skilled bidders was Rs1,103.8 per share, in response to the BSE inventory alternate. This might counsel GQG paid Rs23.8bn (round $290mn) for the stake.

Ramdev, who campaigned for India’s prime minister Narendra Modi, has courted controversy prior to now, describing fashionable medication as a “silly bankrupt science” through the pandemic.

The UK authorities’s controversial unlawful migration invoice is about to turn into legislation after it noticed off a collection of proposed amendments within the Home of Lords on Monday evening.

The invoice, which might give the federal government powers to ship some asylum seekers to Rwanda, and is the linchpin of prime minister Rishi Sunak’s pledge to “cease the boats” crossing the English Channel, has obtained intense criticism from immigration attorneys and civil rights teams, however is in style among the many proper flank of Sunak’s Conservative get together. 

A final-ditch try by the Lords to incorporate 9 amendments to the invoice, together with to instate protections for LGBTQ individuals being deported to unsafe nations, was voted in opposition to.

The invoice will want royal assent from King Charles to turn into legislation.

Retirement revenue gross sales at FTSE 250 life insurer Simply Group have greater than doubled to £1.9bn within the first half of the yr, as hovering gilt yields gas company pension offers in addition to the sale of particular person annuities.

Simply accomplished 35 so-called bulk annuity transactions within the interval, up from 14 within the first half of final yr, together with its greatest so far, and mentioned it has a file deal pipeline. In the meantime, gross sales of particular person assured revenue merchandise, whose charges have elevated with gilt yields, have been at their strongest for the reason that introduction of latest pension freedoms was introduced in 2014.

Analysts RBC Capital Markets known as the outcomes a “step-change in demand for each bulk and retail annuities” and upgraded its earnings forecasts.

Indian billionaire Gautam Adani has defended the energy of his conglomerate after a harmful brief vendor assault, whereas outlining plans to develop his enterprise on bullish India development forecasts.

Addressing the annual assembly of Adani Enterprises over video on Tuesday, Adani mentioned: “We stay assured of our governance and disclosure requirements.”

The tycoon additionally predicted that India can be the world’s second-largest economic system by 2050, with revenue accelerating by over 700 per cent to about $16,000 a head.

“I anticipate that throughout the subsequent decade, India will begin including $1tn to its [gross domestic product] each 18 months,” Adani mentioned.

Swiss drug maker Novartis is “totally on monitor” for the spinoff of generics division Sandoz in “early October”, pending shareholder approval in September, chief monetary officer Harry Kirsch advised reporters on Tuesday.

The division, a family title in German-speaking nations that generates about $10bn in yearly gross sales, had attracted curiosity from private-equity firms as Novartis first started exploring choices for its future.

However Kirsch mentioned “the present curiosity surroundings doesn’t make it simple for them”, including that any gives can be mentioned with the board.

“The operational separation [of Sandoz] has been completely achieved,” he mentioned. “We’re transactionally completely prepared.”

Kirsch mentioned Novartis “would quite” spend its money on bolt-on acquisitions with the potential to generate “engaging returns” after asserting a $15bn share buyback on Tuesday, however that no such targets have been out there.

Swiss pharmaceutical big Novartis has launched a $15bn share buyback programme after elevating its outlook for the yr on the again of robust gross sales.

Second-quarter gross sales grew 9 per cent to $13.7bn at fixed currencies, the corporate mentioned on Tuesday. Novartis now expects revenues for 2023 to develop at a excessive single digit, up from mid, with core working revenue set to develop within the low double digits, up from a earlier forecast of excessive single digits.

“Our development drivers and wealthy pipeline proceed to offer confidence in our mid-term development outlook,” mentioned chief govt Vas Narasimhan.

Novartis additionally mentioned its board of administrators has “unanimously” endorsed the whole spin-off of generics division Sandoz, first introduced final yr.

China and the US can resolve their variations via environmental cooperation, Washington’s local weather envoy John Kerry advised Beijing’s high diplomat on Tuesday, sounding a uncommon notice of optimism amid strained ties. 

“We’re very hopeful that this may be the start not simply of a dialog . . . on the local weather monitor, however that we will start to alter the broader relationship,” Kerry advised Wang Yi in Beijing, in response to Reuters. 

Kerry’s third journey to China as US particular presidential envoy for local weather has restarted halted dialogue over world warming between the world’s two largest greenhouse fuel emitters.

UK economic system: Kantar’s grocery market share figures and worth inflation numbers are anticipated.

Europe-Africa ties: Portugal hosts the two-day EurAfrican Discussion board for enterprise and political leaders and non-government organisations. Attendees embrace Ghana’s president Nana Akufo-Addo, Angolan well being minister Silvia Lutucuta and Portuguese international minister João Gomes Cravinho.

Company outcomes: Updates are anticipated from British personal financial institution Arbuthnot, Swiss pharmaceutical big Novartis, UK retailer Ocado, Anglo-Australian mining firm Rio Tinto, Sweden’s Swedbank and UK fintech Clever. 

Asian shares opened decrease Tuesday on the heels of weaker-than-expected Chinese language financial information.

The Hold Seng Index declined 1.77 per cent after Hong Kong markets resumed buying and selling following a daylong halt triggered by a storm. The CSI 300 benchmark of mainland equities fell 0.41 per cent whereas South Korea’s Kospi slid 0.62 per cent. Japan’s Topix index climbed 0.38 per cent.

Official Chinese language information launched Monday added to considerations over decelerating development in Asia’s largest economic system, with gross home product increasing solely 0.8 per cent quarter on quarter within the April-June interval, in contrast with 2.2 per cent within the first quarter.

Chinese language property developer Evergrande has for the primary time unveiled the dimensions of monetary losses incurred by a 2021 default that sparked a disaster within the nation’s property sector.

The group, which is within the midst of a prolonged restructuring course of, reported losses of Rmb476bn and Rmb106bn ($66.4bn and $14.8bn) for 2021 and 2022, respectively.

The reviews are a uncommon glimpse into the dimensions of the corporate’s plight, which has been characterised by a scarcity of disclosure and opaque discussions with collectors.

The corporate on the time of its default had borrowed about $20bn from worldwide collectors. On the finish of 2022 Evergrande had Rmb2.4tn in complete liabilities.

The Australian state of Victoria has cancelled plans to host the 2026 Commonwealth Video games as a result of occasion’s spiralling prices.

Daniel Andrews, Victoria’s premier, mentioned the finances had blown out to A$7bn ($4.8bn) from an preliminary forecast of A$2.6bn.

The shock transfer will rekindle considerations over the way forward for the video games, which has struggled to persuade cities to bear its prices. The 2022 video games featured groups from 54 nations and 18 territories which are largely former or present British colonies.

Victoria emerged final yr as the one bidder. The video games would have been held in a number of rural cities quite than in Melbourne, the capital.

Thailand: Thailand’s legislature holds a second spherical of voting to call a first-rate minister. On July 13, Transfer Ahead get together chief Pita Limjaroenrat — the one nominee — fell in need of the required 375 votes in a joint session of each homes of parliament. Pita’s coalition plans to appoint him once more.

Occasions: Elsewhere, the G20 assembly of finance ministers and central financial institution governors concludes in Gandhinagar, India, whereas officers from South Korea and the US meet in Seoul focus on nuclear deterrence in opposition to North Korea. Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida returns from a Center East journey, masking Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. Indian international minister S Jaishankar concludes his seven-day go to to Indonesia and Thailand.

Knowledge: Hong Kong points June unemployment charges. The Reserve Financial institution of Australia releases the minutes of its July financial coverage assembly.

Firms: Adani Enterprises and Adani Gasoline maintain their first annual conferences since US-based brief vendor Hindenburg Analysis produced a report vital of Adani Group firms. India’s Zee Leisure Enterprises presents first-quarter earnings, whereas Anglo-Australian miner Rio Tinto gives a second-quarter operations assessment.

BlackRock has named Amin Nasser, chief govt of Saudi Aramco, an impartial director, because the $9.4tn cash supervisor appears to bolster Center East experience on its board and battle US Republican claims that it’s hostile to fossil gas.

Nasser has headed Saudi Aramco, the world’s largest oil producer, since 2015. His addition brings BlackRock’s board to 17 members, with 15 impartial administrators.

Chief govt Larry Fink mentioned the board would profit from Nasser’s “distinctive perspective” together with his “understanding of the worldwide power trade and the drivers of the shift in the direction of a low-carbon economic system in addition to his data of the Center East area”.

The US criticised Russia’s exit from the Black Sea grain deal, with US Nationwide Safety Council spokesperson John Kirby calling the transfer an “irresponsible and harmful determination”.

Kirby on Monday advised reporters that the transfer would “exacerbate meals shortage and hurt thousands and thousands of susceptible individuals around the globe”.

He added: “Russia will likely be totally and solely accountable for the results of this army act of aggression,” saying Washington urged the Kremlin to “instantly reverse its determination”.

Wall Avenue shares rallied on Monday as traders weighed the outlooks for the world’s two greatest economies and ready for this week’s wave of US company outcomes.

Wall Avenue’s benchmark S&P 500 closed 0.4 per cent increased, pushed by expertise and monetary shares, whereas the tech-focused Nasdaq Composite gained 0.9 per cent.

Serving to enhance US equities on the opening bell was a producing index compiled by the Federal Reserve Financial institution of New York that got here in effectively above expectations, in an indication that companies stay resilient to rising rates of interest.

Learn extra on the day’s market strikes right here.

Italy’s prime minister Giorgia Meloni has slammed Russia’s determination to tug out of the Black Sea grain deal, saying that “utilizing the commodities that feed the world as a weapon is one other offence in opposition to humanity”.

Meloni on Monday mentioned Moscow’s termination of the settlement — which had enabled the export of 33mn tonnes of Ukrainian wheat by sea, greater than half of it to growing nations — “is additional proof of who’s a good friend and who’s the enemy of poorer nations”.

She added that Moscow’s actions ought to immediate reflections by “the leaders of these nations that don’t need to distinguish between the attacked and the aggressor”.